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显然,一旦从大堆物质中取一个或几个完整的样品,直接用来分析测定,一般地说是太大了.在取一个适合于化验数量的子样之前,样品必须缩减,或者要加工处理,提高它的均匀程度.如果样品是脆的或者是粒状的,可以磨到通过很细的网目.假如是一个金属样品,它可以熔融然后钻取样品.某些物质必须称入一定量合适的熔剂并加以混匀,然后熔融,在分取之前钻样或磨细.有些物质可以用溶解或挥发的办法将它分成两个部分——例如大量金矿样品中的金,可以用王水将金浸取出来,留下来的是试金吨(相当于29克)级的可取样的脉石和一个可以适当分取溶液的均匀溶液.
Obviously, once one or a few complete samples have been taken from a large mass of material, they are generally too large for an analytical assay, and the sample must be reduced or processed prior to taking a sub-sample suitable for the assay quantity If the sample is brittle or granular, it can be ground through a very fine mesh. If it is a metal sample, it can be melted and the sample can be drilled. Some materials must be weighed in a certain amount A suitable flux is mixed and mixed, then melted, and then sampled or ground prior to fractionation Some substances can be dissolved or volatilized into two parts - for example gold in a large number of gold samples, The water leached the gold, leaving behind the sampleable gangue of test tonne (equivalent to 29 grams) and a uniform solution that would dispense the solution appropriately.