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据文献报道,羊水过多的发病率为0.5～1%。我院1978～1987年间住院分娩23441例中,羊水过多49例,发病率为0.21%。羊水过多的病因:羊水过多者其羊膜组织及羊水化学成分均无明显改变,但与胎儿和母体的一些疾病有关,最多见的首先为胎儿畸形,文献报告25%羊水过多者合并有胎儿畸形。我院49例中合并胎儿畸形者25例占畸形几51%。25例畸形儿中,中枢神经系统畸形18例占72%,其中无脑儿最多占14例,脊柱裂3例,脑积水1例。其他畸形共7例:十二指肠闭锁、先天性心脏病、巨腹双肾积水及巨大膀胱、唇裂腭裂(为双胎儿中之一)、尿道下裂肝大胸水以及肝脾大腹水各1例。畸形儿羊水过多的发病机制:无脑儿及脊柱裂系由于脑脊髓神经外露缺乏覆盖,易受刺激
According to the literature, the incidence of polyhydramnios is 0.5 to 1%. In our hospital from 1978 to 1987 23,441 cases of hospital delivery, polyhydramnios, 49 cases, the incidence was 0.21%. The cause of polyhydramnios: polyhydramnios amniotic fluid and amniotic fluid chemical composition of those no significant changes, but with some of the fetus and maternal diseases, the most common first fetal malformations, the literature reported 25% polyhydramnios combined with infant deformity. 49 cases in our hospital with fetal malformations accounted for 25 cases of deformity in a few 51%. In 25 cases of deformed children, 18 cases of central nervous system malformations accounted for 72%, of which no brain accounted for up to 14 cases, spina bifida in 3 cases, hydrocephalus in 1 case. Other deformities were 7 cases: duodenal atresia, congenital heart disease, giant abdominal hydronephrosis and huge bladder, cleft lip and cleft lip (one of the twins), hypospadias hepatobiliary pleural effusion and hepatomegaly ascites 1 case. Malformations excessive amniotic fluid pathogenesis: anencephaly and spina bifida due to lack of coverage of the cerebrospinal nerve exposed, vulnerable to irritation