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台风是重要的森林干扰因子之一,会对森林生态系统的结构和功能产生较大的影响。2012年的台风“布拉万”对我国东北地区局部森林造成了严重的破坏。以受灾最重的吉林省汪清林业局的近天然落叶松云冷杉林为对象,采用方差分析和相关分析方法,研究林分结构和地形条件对林木株数损伤率的影响。结果表明:(1)林木损伤类型可分为折断、连根拔起、搭挂、压弯4种,其中连根拔起为最主要的损伤类型,占总损伤株数的52%,台风灾害造成的林木株数损伤率平均为14.09%。(2)径级大小对林木株数损伤率的影响显著。损伤主要发生于径级较小林分处,径级越大,其株数损伤率越小。(3)林木株数损伤率随林分密度的增加有减小的趋势,但在统计学上它们的关系不显著。(4)不同树种间的林木株数损伤率差异显著,落叶松、冷杉等针叶树种损伤株数最多。(5)林分的树种多样性指数与林木株数损伤率无显著的相关性。(6)海拔、坡度和坡位对林木株数损伤率的影响不显著,但坡向的影响显著,东北坡向林分的林木株数损伤率最大。研究结果可以为灾后森林恢复和减少风灾影响的森林培育措施提供依据。
Typhoon is one of the most important forest disturbance factors, which will have a great impact on the structure and function of forest ecosystem. The Typhoon “Brawan” in 2012 caused serious damage to the local forests in northeastern China. Taking the near-natural larch fir spruce forest in Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province as the most affected area, the variance analysis and correlation analysis method were used to study the effect of stand structure and topography on the wood number damage rate. The results showed as follows: (1) There were 4 types of tree damage including broken, uprooting, hanging and bending. Among them, uprooting was the most important type of injury, accounting for 52% of the total number of trees damaged. Typhoon disaster caused damage to the number of trees The average rate was 14.09%. (2) The diameter-class size had a significant effect on the number of trees damaged. The damage mainly occurred in the smaller diameter forest stand, the larger the diameter, the lesser the number of damage. (3) The damage rate of forest trees tends to decrease with the increase of stand density, but their relationship is not statistically significant. (4) There was significant difference in the number of trees damaged among different species, with the highest number of coniferous species such as larch and fir. (5) There was no significant correlation between the species diversity index of forest species and the damage rate of tree species. (6) The altitude, slope and slope position had no significant effect on the damage rate of forest trees, but the impact of slope aspect was significant. The damage rate of forest trees in the slope of northeast slope was the highest. The results of the study can provide the basis for forest restoration after disaster and measures to reduce the impact of wind disaster on forest cultivation.