流行性腮腺炎的监测

• 作 者: 蒋雄万
• 机 构: 美国疾病控制中心,
• 出 处: 国外医学.流行病学传染病学分册
• 发表日期: 1985年05期
• 关键词: 无菌性脑膜炎 总病例数 病例总数 病死数 俄亥俄州 腮腺炎病例 发生数 腮腺肿胀 发病资料 年龄组

疫情自1967年批准使用腮腺炎疫苗以后,美国流行性腮腺炎发病大幅度下降。1981年仅报告4,941例,是发病最低的年份,比1968年152,209例减少97%;1982年为5,270例,主要是俄亥俄州有大规模的爆发。并发脑炎和无菌性脑膜炎的发生数和病死数也相应减少。1977～1981年,5～9岁发病率一直最高,但1982年,5～19岁占报告病例总数的81.6%(3,192/3,913)。10～14岁首次成为发病最高的年龄组,9岁以上占总病例数的63.6%,而1977年只占36.8%。

Since the epidemic was approved for mumps vaccine in 1967, the incidence of mumps in the United States has dropped dramatically. Only 4,941 cases were reported in 1981, the lowest incidence, 97% less than 152,209 cases in 1968; 5,270 cases in 1982, mainly due to the large-scale outbreak in Ohio. The number of concurrent encephalitis and aseptic meningitis and the number of deaths also decreased accordingly. Between 1977 and 1981, the incidence was highest at the age of 5 to 9 years, but in 1982, the age group 5 to 19 accounted for 81.6% (3,192 / 3,913) of the total reported cases. For the first time, ages 10 to 14 became the most affected age group, accounting for 63.6% of the total cases at ages 9 and up from 36.8% in 1977.