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一、目的 关于儿童心目中的惩罚问题,在研究者们早期的研究结果中发现,惩罚通常被年幼儿童认为是公正的,因为这些惩罚均来自大人,他们认为犯错误该以痛苦偿还,相信惩罚的抵罪意义。在童年后期主张惩罚的人就少了,代之以讲明道理,他们已经将惩罚当作一种教育方法了。而且指出这种判断的重大变化在十二岁。 后经瑞士心理学家皮亚杰(J·Piaget)进行了更系统深入的研究,结果发现,年幼儿童往往认为应该用强制手段使犯错者服从大人的命令或规定,谁犯错,该谁受罚抵恶(抵罚性惩罚),年长儿童则大多数认为
I. Purpose With regard to the problem of punishment in the minds of children, it was found in early researchers’ findings that punishment was generally considered by young children to be just because the punishment was from adults who believed that mistakes should be made with painful repayments Punishment punish the meaning. In the later years of childhood, there were fewer advocates of punishment, and instead of justification, they have used punishment as an educational method. And pointed out that the major changes in this judgment at the age of twelve. After a more systematic and in-depth study by Swiss psychologist J. Piaget, it was found that young children often think that coercion should be obeyed by the coercion of adults according to the orders or regulations of adults, and whoever made mistakes, who should be punished Excuse evil (punitive punishment), while older children think most