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维生素 D 是一重要的免疫系统调节因子。研究表明它的活性形式——1,25-(OH)_2D_3抑制自身免疫性疾病的发展,包括非特异性肠炎(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)。与之矛盾的是,1,25-(OH)_2D_3不影响其他免疫系统介导的疾病(实验性哮喘,experimental asthma)和对传染原的免疫力是无效的。维生素 D 缺乏对不同的免疫功能也有相似的矛盾效应。维生素 D 及维生素 D 受体缺乏加速 IBD 病情的发展。1,25-(OH)_2D_3对于实验性哮喘的治疗无效,且维生素 D 受体缺陷小鼠的病情较轻。维生素 D 是免疫系统的选择性调节因子,同时1,25-(OH)_2D_3治疗、维生素 D 缺乏或维生素 D 受体缺陷的后果取决于机体免疫应答的性质(如,传染病、哮喘、自身免疫性疾病)。膳食中钙是决定维生素 D 营养状况对免疫功能影响的另一个因素。膳食中钙可单独影响 IBD 病情的严重程度。低钙膳食、维生素 D 缺乏的小鼠 IBD 病情最为严重;而低钙膳食、1,25-(OH)_2D_3的治疗可使病情有所改善。不过,高钙膳食、1,25_(OH)_2D_3治疗时,对 IBD 的治疗效果最好。免疫的类型和机体的钙营养状况决定了维生素 D 营养状况和1,25-(OH)_2D_3对免疫力的影响。
Vitamin D is an important regulator of the immune system. Studies have shown that its active form - 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 inhibits the development of autoimmune diseases, including non-specific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Paradoxically, 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 does not affect other immune system-mediated diseases (experimental asthma) and is not effective against infectious agents. Vitamin D deficiency also has similar contradictory effects on different immune functions. Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor deficiency accelerate the development of IBD. 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 is ineffective in the treatment of experimental asthma and the condition of vitamin D receptor-deficient mice is mild. Vitamin D is a selective regulator of the immune system and the consequences of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 treatment, vitamin D deficiency, or vitamin D receptor deficiency depend on the nature of the immune response (eg, infectious disease, asthma, autoimmunity Sexually transmitted diseases). Dietary calcium is another factor that determines the impact of vitamin D status on immune function. Dietary calcium alone can affect the severity of IBD disease. Low calcium diet, vitamin D deficiency mice IBD the most serious condition; and low calcium diet, 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 treatment can make the condition improved. However, high-calcium diet, 1,25_ (OH) _2D_3 treatment, the best treatment of IBD. The type of immunity and calcium nutrition of the body determine the nutritional status of vitamin D and the impact of 1,25- (OH) _2D_3 on immunity.