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引言 Intel 4004在1971年问世,标志了微处理机的诞生。但是到1972年才开始使用“微处理机”这一名词。Intel 4004是一个4位的中央处理单元(CPU),在一个芯片上集成了4位并行加法器、16个4位寄存器、1个累加器和1个堆栈。它含有2300个晶体管,可执行45种不同的指令。此后,在1972、1974和1981年相继出现了8位、16位和32位这几代微处理机。在十二年中,单片上集成的晶体管增加了二百倍,时钟频率提高了五十倍,微处理机的吞吐量增高了二至三个数量级。从微处理机问世到制成32位微处理机仅用了十年时间,而普通计算机用了二十年时间。仅仅相
Introduction Intel 4004 came out in 1971, marking the birth of microprocessors. However, it did not begin to use the term “microprocessor” until 1972. The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) that integrates a 4-bit parallel adder, 16 4-bit registers, an accumulator and a stack on a single chip. It contains 2300 transistors and executes 45 different instructions. Since then, in 1972,1974 and 1981 have appeared in 8, 16 and 32 generations of these microprocessors. In twelve years, integrated transistors on a single chip increased two hundredfold, clock speeds increased fiftyfold, and microprocessor throughput increased by two to three orders of magnitude. From the advent of microprocessors to 32-bit microprocessors made only 10 years, while the average computer took 20 years. Just phase