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运载火箭低温推进剂与外界环境的传热是造成汽化的主要原因。为长期贮存和使用低温推进剂,必须采用综合的热管理技术。首先介绍国内外提出的被动热防护技术和主动制冷技术。前者的主要目的是降低贮箱与外界环境的热量交换强度;后者是通过对贮箱内的热量进行转移,以实现低温推进剂的无损贮存,但只适合已具有良好被动热防护的贮箱。其次,对国外典型低温推进剂实验应用系统进行分析,并初步提出多功能液氢实验平台方案设想,方案中通过CZ-3A号搭载多功能液氢实验平台用于验证空间环境下低温推进剂的综合应用技术。通过对低温推进剂热管理技术的调研和论证,为我国低温推进剂在空间环境下的长期在轨使用提供技术参考。
Launch vehicle cryogenic propellants and the heat transfer environment is the main cause vaporization. For long term storage and use of cryogenic propellants, integrated thermal management techniques must be used. First introduced at home and abroad put forward the passive thermal protection technology and active cooling technology. The main purpose of the former is to reduce the heat exchange intensity between the tank and the external environment; the latter is to transfer the heat in the tank to realize the non-destructive storage of the low temperature propellant, but only suitable for the tank which has good passive thermal protection . Secondly, the application system of typical low temperature propellant in foreign countries is analyzed, and the concept of multifunctional liquid hydrogen experimental platform is initially proposed. In the scheme, CZ-3A is equipped with multifunctional liquid hydrogen experimental platform to verify the low temperature propellant in space environment Comprehensive application of technology. Through the investigation and demonstration of the thermal management technology of cryogenic propellants, it provides a technical reference for the long-term on-orbit use of cryogenic propellants in space environment.