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近年来,随着中国规模化养殖业的发展,养殖业给环境带来的粪便污染问题日渐严重,防治畜禽养殖业污染已成为现阶段农村环境保护的重要课题。要实现畜牧业可持续发展,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,必须改善生态环境,无害化处理及资源化利用畜禽粪便,保持畜牧业生产和环境保护的协调。而在发达国家,对养殖业污染的防治管理已比较成熟。本文对国内外主要国家防治畜禽粪便污染的对策加以梳理,以期为中国的畜禽粪便处理提供有益的借鉴。
In recent years, with the development of large-scale aquaculture in China, the problem of excrement pollution caused by aquaculture to the environment has become increasingly serious. Prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution has become an important issue in rural environmental protection at this stage. In order to realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, we must improve the ecological environment, decontaminate and reuse animal manure excrement, and maintain the coordination of animal husbandry production and environmental protection. In developed countries, prevention and control of aquaculture pollution have been relatively mature. This paper reviews the countermeasures to prevent and control the excrement pollution of livestock and poultry in the major countries both at home and abroad, with a view to providing useful reference for the livestock excrement disposal in China.