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通过盆栽试验研究了施氮水平对大麦间作豌豆种间竞争优势的影响,并对间作作物竞争力与产量间的关系进行了量化分析,以期为禾豆间作高效施氮技术提供理论依据。结果表明,大麦分蘖期和灌浆期,土地当量比(LER)均大于1,表现间作优势,但大麦拔节期和抽穗期LER小于1表现间作劣势;高氮素水平(N2)在大麦分蘖期、拔节期和灌浆期的LER分别为1.17、1.03和1.34,均大于低、中氮素水平,表明高氮素水平更利于形成间作优势。共生期内,大麦分蘖期不施氮、中施氮和高施氮处理大麦的相对竞争力(Abp)分别是-0.1066、-0.2133和-0.1407,收获期分别为0.0664、-0.0144和0.0276,全生育期平均竞争力分别为0.1328、0.0425和0.0187,说明施氮水平可调节大麦的相对竞争力。间作系统总产量与大麦灌浆期的相对竞争力呈极显著性正相关关系,与大麦相对于豌豆的平均竞争力呈二次曲线关系。大麦平均相对竞争力在不施氮时比高施氮高7.6%,中施氮时则小于零。因此,适当提高大麦灌浆期的竞争优势有利于提高复合群体的产量,施氮水平强烈影响大麦-豌豆种间的竞争关系和综合生产力。
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application on the competitive advantage of barley interspecific competition. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between crop competitiveness and yield was conducted in order to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen application. The results showed that the LER was greater than 1 at tillering stage and grain filling stage, indicating the intercropping advantage. However, the LER of jointing stage and heading stage was lower than barley in inferior stage. High nitrogen level (N2) The LER at jointing stage and grain filling stage were 1.17, 1.03 and 1.34, respectively, which were higher than those of low and medium nitrogen levels, indicating that high nitrogen level is more conducive to the formation of intercropping superiority. During the symbiotic period, the relative barley (Abp) of barley at middle tillering stage and tillering stage were -0.1066, -0.2133 and -0.1407, respectively, and the harvesting periods were 0.0664, -0.0144 and 0.0276 respectively The average competitive power of the growth stages were 0.1328, 0.0425 and 0.0187, respectively, indicating that the nitrogen application level could adjust the relative competitiveness of barley. The total yield of intercropping system was significantly and positively correlated with the relative competitiveness of barley during grain filling stage and quadratic curve with the average competitive ability of barley relative to pea. The average relative competitiveness of barley was 7.6% higher than that of high nitrogen in the non-nitrogen application and less than zero in the middle application of nitrogen. Therefore, properly increasing the competitive advantage during the grain-filling stage of barley is beneficial to increase the yield of the compound population. The nitrogen application level strongly influences the competition and overall productivity of barley-pea species.