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流行病学是一门定量的科学。流行病工作者关心人群及社区的健康,如同医生需要依靠体检、化验和仪器设备来诊断病人的疾病一样,流行病学工作者则要对生命统计资料予以评价和估计,我们统称为疾病的测量。1 疾病负荷(Burden)的形式 人群中疾病的负荷表现为各种时空形式。1·1 散发(sporadic)指某病在一定地区或国家历年的一般发病率水平,是表示流行强度的指标,一般不能用于人口较少的居民区,因为在人口较少的条件下所算出的发病率受偶然因素的影响太大,年度间的发病率很不稳定,所以一般多用于区、县以上的范围。在小范围内发生的少数病例可称为散发
Epidemiology is a quantitative science. Epidemiological workers are concerned with the health of people and communities. Just as doctors rely on physical examinations, laboratory tests and equipment to diagnose their diseases, epidemiologists are required to evaluate and estimate vital statistics. We collectively refer to disease measurement . 1 Burden Forms The burden of disease in populations is manifested in various forms of spacetime. 1.1 Sporadic refers to the general incidence of a disease in a given area or country over the years and is an indicator of prevalence of stress. It can not generally be used in a residential area with a small population because it is calculated in a small population The incidence of incidental factors by too much influence, the incidence of the year is very unstable, it is generally used for more than the district, the county’s scope. A small number of cases that occur in a small area can be described as sporadic