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目的:探讨女性慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者患病危险因素、症状严重程度、急性加重风险及肺功能的临床特点。方法:调查2017年1月至2019年12月在中南大学湘雅二医院、湖南省职业病防治院、桂林医学院附属医院、桂林市第二人民医院就诊的COPD患者4 204例，其中女性COPD患者533例，男性COPD患者3 671例，对患病危险因素、症状严重程度、急性加重风险及肺功能临床特点进行综合分析。结果:男、女COPD患者的年龄差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)，吸烟史、职业暴露史、生物燃料暴露史差异有统计学意义(n P<0.001)，其中吸烟史、职业暴露史方面男性明显高于女性患者(n P<0.001)，生物燃料暴露史方面女性显著高于男性患者(n P<0.001)。男、女COPD患者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评分差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)，女性CAT评分均值高于男性。男女COPD患者的改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难问卷(mMRC)分级结果差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。男、女COPD患者在第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEVn 1%预计值)、第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEVn 1/FVC)均值比较差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). There were statistically significant differences in smoking history, occupational exposure history and biofuel exposure history (n P<0.001), among which smoking history and occupational exposure history were significantly higher in males than in females (n P<0.001), and exposure history of biofuels was significantly higher in females than in males (n P<0.001). The COPD assessment test (CAT) score of male and female patients was statistically different (n P<0.05), and the mean CAT score of female patients was higher than that of male patients. The modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC) grading results of male and female patients were statistically different (n P0.05). There were statistically significant differences between male and female patients in first second exertional volume as a percentage of predicted value (FEVn 1%) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEVn 1/FVC) mean value (n P<0.001), and FEVn 1% predicted value and FEVn 1/FVC of female patients were better than that of male patients.n Conclusions:The risk factors, symptom severity and pulmonary function of female patients with COPD are different from those of male patients, providing reference for the individualized treatment of female patients with COPD.