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概念与规律的教学是物理教学的重点。不同的概念与规律具有不同的内涵和外延。类比是借助于事物间的相似性,通过比较将一种已掌握特殊个体的特征推移到另一个新的特殊个体中的研究方法。在中学物理教学中,类比教学则通过把学生熟悉的知识与陌生的知识相比较,为认识新事物提供线索和方向,以加强知识间的横向联系与沟通,从而达到举一反三的目的。用类比的方法讲解物理概念、规律,求解习题及进行复习,不仅易于教学,而且可拓宽学生的视野、提高分析的综合迁移能力。因其遵循了学生的认知规律,故能够有效提高教与学的效率。
The teaching of concepts and laws is the focus of physics teaching. Different concepts and laws have different connotation and extension. An analogy is a research method by means of the similarity between things, by comparing the characteristics of one mastering a particular individual to another new special individual. In secondary school physics teaching, analog teaching aims at giving top priority to knowing new things by comparing the students’ familiar knowledge with unfamiliar knowledge so as to enhance the horizontal connection and communication between knowledge. Using analogy to explain the physical concepts, laws, solving problems and review, not only easy to teach, but also broaden the horizons of students to improve the comprehensive analysis of migration capabilities. Because it follows the students’ cognitive rules, it can effectively improve the efficiency of teaching and learning.