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哺乳动物的生存,依赖于动物免疫系统对抗外来侵犯的能力,如病源性细菌及致癌因素等。免疫反应必须有效,而当不再需要时,就必须减少免疫反应,这由于不必要的免疫反应是有害的,甚至会危及生命。因此免疫反应内环境的稳定,要求身体内这些免疫作用的刺激及抑制要有一个平衡,而这些影响部分是通过细胞间接触,部分是通过可溶性中介物质来完成,这些产自各种细胞的中间物质为蛋白因子,总的名称是细胞因子。正如内分泌系统分泌激素一样,细胞因子产生的量很少,但它不像内分泌激素是由特定的内分泌腺来分泌,而是存在于血循环
The survival of mammals depends on the ability of the animal’s immune system to fight outside invasions such as pathogenic bacteria and carcinogenic factors. The immune response must be effective, and when it is no longer needed, the immune response must be reduced, which can be detrimental to the immune system, even life-threatening. Therefore, the stability of the internal environment of the immune response requires that there be a balance between the stimulation and inhibition of these immune functions in the body, and that these effects are partly mediated by the intercellular contact and partly by the soluble mediators produced in the middle of the various cells Substance is a protein factor, the general name is a cytokine. Just as the endocrine system secretes hormones, cytokines are produced in very small quantities, but unlike endocrine hormones, which are secreted by specific endocrine glands, they are present in the blood circulation