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目的通过对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染产妇分娩的新生儿的出生体格情况及其相关影响因素进行分析,为HIV感染产妇孕期保健服务提供指导。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2016年6月11年期间HIV感染产妇分娩的新生儿出生体格的发育情况,与同期普通产妇分娩的新生儿进行比较。结果共调查11 129名新生儿,HIV感染产妇的新生儿310人,普通产妇的新生儿10 819人。HIV感染产妇平均分娩孕周[(38.6±1.4)周]低于普通产妇[(39.2±1.3)周],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。普通产妇所生新生儿体格发育情况优于HIV感染产妇所生新生儿(P<0.05),HIV感染产妇所生新生儿体重(2 988.9±275.5)g,头围(29.3±2.7)cm,胸围(28.5±2.3)cm,身长(49±1.9)cm;普通产妇所生新生儿体重(3 250.5±424.8)g,头围(32.3±1.9)cm,胸围(31.6±1.9)cm,身长(50.1±1.7)cm。HIV感染产妇在妊娠并发症发生率,以及妊娠并发肝炎、胎膜早破、妊娠并发性传播疾病、胎儿宫内窘迫、早产、妊娠并发贫血、妊娠并发甲状腺疾病、妊娠并发肝脏疾病和胎儿生长受限等情况均高于普通产妇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胎膜早破羊水细菌培养感染率HIV感染产妇高于普通产妇,差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论 HIV感染会对孕产妇的孕周及新生儿出生体重产生影响,对于HIV感染孕产妇应加强孕期保健服务,规范抗病毒治疗、预防药物不良反应,安全助产,指导新生儿科学喂养,提高HIV产妇和婴儿的生存质量。
Objective To analyze the birth status of newborns with HIV-infected mothers and their related influencing factors and provide guidance on the antenatal care services for HIV-infected mothers. Methods Retrospective analysis of the birth status of newborns with HIV-infected mothers during the 11-year period from March 2005 to June 2016 was compared with that of newborns delivered by common mothers in the same period. Results A total of 11,129 newborns, 310 newborns with HIV-infected mothers and 10,819 newborns were born. The average gestational age of pregnant women with HIV infection was lower than that of normal pregnant women [(38.6 ± 1.4) weeks [(39.2 ± 1.3) weeks] (P <0.05). The birth rate of newborn infants born to common mothers was better than that of newborns born to HIV-infected mothers (P <0.05). The weight of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers (2 988.9 ± 275.5 g), head circumference (29.3 ± 2.7) cm, (28.5 ± 2.3) cm and length (49 ± 1.9) cm respectively. The weight of newborn infants born in common maternal age group was 3250 ± 424.8 g, head circumference was 32.3 ± 1.9 cm, chest circumference was 31.6 ± 1.9 cm, ± 1.7) cm. HIV-infected mothers in the incidence of pregnancy complications, as well as pregnancy complicated by hepatitis, premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy complicated by sexually transmitted diseases, fetal distress, premature birth, pregnancy complicated with anemia, pregnancy complicated with thyroid disease, pregnancy-induced liver disease and fetal growth Limit and other conditions are higher than the average maternal, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Premature rupture of membranes of amniotic fluid bacterial infection rate of HIV-infected mothers than ordinary mothers, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.042). Conclusion HIV infection will affect pregnant women ’s gestational age and newborn birth weight. For HIV infection pregnant women, it is necessary to strengthen the health care during pregnancy, standardize antiviral therapy, prevent adverse drug reactions, safe midwifery, and improve neonatal scientific feeding Quality of life of HIV mothers and infants.