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The present study was designed to explore the influence of water extracts of Atractylodes lancea rhizomes on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide (TP).A water extract was prepared from A.lancea rhizomes and co-administered with TP in C57BL/6 mice.The toxicity was assayed by determining serum biochemical parameters and visceral indexes and by liver histopathological analysis.The hepatic CYP3A expression levels were detected using Western blotting and RT-PCR methods.The data showed that the water extract ofA.lancea rhizomes reduced triptolide-induced toxicity,probably by inducing the hepatic expression of CYP3A.The anti-inflammatory effects of TP were evaluated in mice using a xylene-induced ear edema test.By comparing ear edema inhibition rates,we found that the water extract could also increase the anti-inflammatory effects of TP.In conclusion,our results suggested that the water extract ofA.lancea rhizomes,used in combination with TP,has a potential in reducing TP-induced toxicity and enhancing its anti-inflammatory effects.