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[目的]比较造船行业不同工段间的电焊烟尘浓度及定点采样与个体采样间浓度的差别,以探讨造船行业电焊烟尘的防护重点和合适的采样方法。[方法]在某造船厂部件装焊、分段装焊、总段装焊及船舶总装四个工段,以定点采样(分别采集10、10、12及10个样品)和个体采样(分别采集16、22、16、16个样品)的方法同时采集焊接作业中的电焊烟尘,并均按GBZ/T192.1—2007用同一电子天平检测。[结果]定点采样的电焊烟尘浓度,以船舶总装工段最高,为(6.53±1.65)mg/m3;总段装焊工段次之,为(1.92±0.56)mg/m3。船舶总装工段和总段装焊的电焊烟尘浓度明显高于部件装焊工段和分段装焊工段(P<0.05)。部件装焊、分段装焊两工段间电焊烟尘浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同一工段中,个体采样浓度明显高于定点采样检测浓度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]船舶总装工段的电焊烟尘浓度最高,是造船行业最应该加强防护的工段;个体采样更能真实反应电焊作业人员的电焊烟尘暴露情况。
[Objective] To compare the differences of welding dust concentration and the concentration between fixed-point sampling and individual sampling in different sections of shipbuilding industry in order to discuss the key points of protection of welding fume and the proper sampling method in the shipbuilding industry. [Method] In four sections of a shipyard, such as welding, segment welding, segment welding and ship assembly, fixed-point sampling (10, 10, 12 and 10 samples respectively) and individual sampling , 22,16,16 samples) at the same time collecting welding welding fumes, and are by GBZ / T192.1-2007 using the same electronic balance test. [Result] The spot welding spot concentration was the highest (6.53 ± 1.65) mg / m 3 for the total assembly segment of the ship and the second (1.92 ± 0.56) mg / m 3 for the welding segment of the total segment. The concentration of welding fume and dust in the final assembly and total assembly welding of ships was significantly higher than that of the assembly welding and sectional assembly welding (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentration of welding fume between the two sections of assembly welding and segment welding (P> 0.05). In the same section, the individual sample concentration was significantly higher than the fixed-point sample detection concentration, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The highest concentration of welding fume and dust in the general assembly work of the ship is the most important section in the shipbuilding industry that should be strengthened for protection. Individual sampling can more truly reflect the welding fume and dust exposure of welding operators.