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目的:探讨微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)-34a和miRNA-204的异常表达是否能用于区别慢性胰腺炎(CP)与胰腺导管上皮内瘤变(PanINs)。方法:用部分结扎大鼠胆胰管和置入7，12-二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)的方法建立SD大鼠(华中科技大学实验动物中心提供)CP-胰腺癌模型，获得16个CP标本和26个PanINs标本。然后用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测4种与胰腺癌相关的miRNAs(miR-34a、miR-204、miR-107和miR-21)在这些标本中的表达。两组之间的差异用方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis检验或Student’s n t检验进行统计学分析。n 结果:miR-34a在PanIN-1(1.81±0.12比1.00±0.08，n t＝2.032，n P<0.05)、PanIN-2(1.72±0.11比1.00±0.08，n t＝1.332，n P<0.05)和PanIN-3(2.62±0.14比1.00±0.08，n t＝4.135，n P<0.05)标本中的表达显著高于CP组，差异有统计学意义。miR-204在PanIN-2(0.59±0.08比1.00±0.12，n t＝5.037，n P<0.05)和PanIN-3(0.51±0.07比1.00±0.12，n t＝5.385，n P<0.05)标本中的表达显著低于CP组，差异有统计学意义。miR-21只在PanIN-3(2.23±0.21比1.00±0.12，n t＝4.485，n P<0.05)标本中表达显著高于CP组，差异有统计学意义。n 结论:miR-34a和miR-204在CP发展到胰腺癌的过程中表达异常，可用于区别CP与PanINs。“,”Objective:To investigate whether the expression of microRNA (miR)-34a and miR-204 is a potential biomarker to distinguish chronic pancreatitis (CP) from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs).Methods:In this study, four miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-204, miR-107 and miR-21) related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were selected. Pancreatic samples of 16 CP and 26 PanIN lesions were obtained from a CP-PDAC rat model which was induced by partial ligation of biliary-pancreatic ducts and implantation of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in rats for 16 weeks. The expression of miRNA was detected in the samples using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique. The differences between the two groups were statistically analyzed by variance analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test or Student′s n t test.n P<0.05 represents statistical significance and significant difference.n Results:Relative to CP, the significant overexpression of miR-34a was observed in PanIN-1 (1.81±0.12 to 1.00±0.08, n t=2.032, n P<0.05), PanIN-2 (1.72±0.11 to 1.00±0.08,n t=1.332, n P<0.05) and PanIN-3 (2.62±0.14 vs. 1.00±0.08,n t=4.135, n P<0.05), while significantly low expression of miR-204 was observed in PanIN-2 (0.59±0.08 to 1.00±0.12,n t=5.037, n P<0.05) and PanIN-3 (0.51±0.07 to 1.00±0.12,n t=5.385, n P<0.05). In contrast, significant overexpression of miR-21 was observed in PanIN-3 (2.23±0.21 to 1.00±0.12,n t=4.485, n P<0.05) only by RT-qPCR.n Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that the abnormal expression of miR-34a and miR-204 during the development of chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer can be used to distinguish CP from PanINs.