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在工农业生产中,在各种工作条件下,尤其在武器装备人-机-环境系统中,环境因素不总是单独作用于人体,不同的环境有害因素常常对人体产生联合作用即同时或相继作用于人体,对人体产生种种与单独作用不同的不良影响,有时甚至达到危害健康的程度。例如,铸造工人经常受到高温、噪声、振动、一氧化碳的联合作用;坦克乘员经常同时或相继受到高温、噪声、振动和各种有害气体的影响;飞行员则经常或有时受到加速度、噪声、振动、缺氧和有害气体的联合作用;潜艇艇员也常同时受到有害气体、噪声、高温高湿等环境因素的联合作用等等。只研究单一因素单独作用时的机体反应,不了解各种因素联合作用人体的特点和规律就难以正确提出联合作用时的卫生学标准,不利于保障指战员的健康和战斗力。因
In the industrial and agricultural production, under various working conditions, especially in the weapon-man-machine-environment system, environmental factors do not always act on the human body alone. Different environmental harmful factors often have a joint effect on the human body, ie, simultaneously or successively Acting on the human body, produces various adverse effects that are different from the individual effects on the human body, and sometimes even reaches the degree of endangering the health. For example, foundry workers are often exposed to high temperatures, noise, vibration and carbon monoxide. Tank crews are often affected by high temperature, noise, vibration and various harmful gases at frequent or same intervals. Pilots are often or occasionally affected by acceleration, noise, vibration, Oxygen and harmful gases combined effect; submarine crew are often also affected by harmful gases, noise, high temperature and humidity and other environmental factors combined effect and so on. It is difficult to correctly formulate the hygiene standards for joint action without studying the characteristics and laws of the combined effects of various factors on the body response when only a single factor acts alone, which is not conducive to ensuring the health and combat effectiveness of the officers and men. because