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如何增强和提高DNA疫苗的免疫效果是新一代DNA疫苗分子设计和研究的关键问题,其中之一就是应用分子佐剂来优化DNA疫苗。分子佐剂可将以基因方式传递的免疫刺激分子与DNA疫苗共免疫,在体内表达相应的蛋白,增强T、B细胞对疫苗成分的体液及细胞免疫应答。目前研究较多的分子佐剂有:细胞因子如干扰素(IFN)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-12、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)等;共刺激分子如B7-2、CD40L等;补体佐剂如C3;免疫刺激序列如CpG、寡核苷酸(ODN)等。分子佐剂在体内与疫苗基因共表达,改善抗原的周边微环境,提高疫苗的免疫效果。因此,分子佐剂是目前DNA疫苗研究中的热点问题之一。
How to enhance and enhance the immune effect of DNA vaccines is one of the key issues in the design and study of new generation DNA vaccines. One of them is to use molecular adjuvants to optimize DNA vaccines. Molecular adjuvants can co-immunize genetically-delivered immunostimulatory molecules with DNA vaccines, express the corresponding proteins in vivo, and enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of T and B cells to vaccine components. Currently more molecular adjuvants are: cytokines such as interferon (IFN), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Stimulatory molecules such as B7-2, CD40L and the like; complement adjuvants such as C3; immunostimulatory sequences such as CpGs, oligonucleotides (ODNs) and the like. Molecular adjuvants are co-expressed with the vaccine genes in vivo to improve the surrounding microenvironment of the antigen and enhance the vaccine’s immune response. Therefore, molecular adjuvant is one of the hot issues in DNA vaccine research.