论文部分内容阅读
目的对真空灭弧室伴生X射线健康危害进行系统研究。方法采用现场职业放射卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害检测、健康体检、个人剂量监测及综合分析法等进行研究。结果真空灭弧室高压试验设备防护前处于分闸状态时,操作位平均辐射水平达到(10.13±6.11)μGy/h,最高达到20μGy/h。防护网外30 cm处平均达到(31.36±15.78)μGy/h,最高达到75μGy/h。改造前后相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高压试验作业人员白细胞减少人数明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。防护改造前高压试验人员人均年有效剂量1.25 m Sv/a。与工业探伤人员比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),防护改造后人均年有效剂量0.57 m Sv/a,与工业探伤人员比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论伴生X射线是真空灭弧室高压试验严重的职业病危害因素,必须纳入辐射工作场所进行管理。
Objective To systematically study the health hazards of associated X-ray in vacuum interrupters. Methods The field occupational radiation hygiene survey, workplace occupational hazards testing, physical examination, personal dose monitoring and comprehensive analysis were conducted. Results The average radiation level of the operation site reached (10.13 ± 6.11) μGy / h and the maximum reached 20μGy / h when the vacuum interrupter high-voltage test equipment was in the off state. The net outside the protective net reached an average of (31.36 ± 15.78) μGy / h at 30 cm and the highest reached 75 μGy / h. Compared with the control group, the number of leukopenia in high-pressure test workers was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05). Per capita annual effective dose of high-pressure test personnel before protection and transformation 1.25 m Sv / a. Compared with the industrial detector, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The average effective dose per capita after the protection was 0.57 m Sv / a, which was not significantly different from that of the industrial detector (P> 0.05). Conclusions Associated X-ray is a serious occupational hazard factor of high voltage test in vacuum interrupters and must be integrated into the radiation workplace.