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本文从阳光集团案例出发,构建了一个包含产品质量属性的垄断竞争贸易模型,认为“为出口而进口”战略的实施能解释中国出口奇迹的产生。为了实施出口导向战略,在本土装备制造业技术落后的前提下,中国出口厂商选择大量进口发达国家先进机器设备来提高产品质量,以此满足国际市场对产品质量的更高要求,从而实现出口规模的持续高速增长。本文发现短期内,如果来自发达国家的进口机器设备越能降低生产边际成本,价格越接近于发展中国家国产机器设备时,发展中国家最终产品出口厂商就越倾向于进口机器设备。发展中国家出口厂商一旦使用进口机器设备,那么必然会导致其出口量上升,即产生“进口引致型出口”效应。同时如果进口机器设备提高最终产品质量幅度越大,发展中国家最终产品出口厂商就越倾向于进口机器设备,而且出口量增长幅度越大。本文还利用统计分析发现为出口而进口战略实施导致中国中西部本土装备制造业发展滞后,同时长期均衡分析表明为出口而进口会导致发展中国家所有下游出口厂商的均衡产量都会上升,均衡产品质量提高,且该行业均衡厂商数量下降。
Based on the Sunshine Group case, this paper constructs a monopolistic competitive trade model that contains the attributes of product quality and concludes that the implementation of the strategy of “importing for export” can explain the emergence of China’s export miracle. In order to implement the export-oriented strategy, under the premise of backward technology in the domestic equipment manufacturing industry, Chinese exporters have chosen to import a large amount of advanced machinery and equipment from developed countries to improve their product quality in order to meet the higher requirements of the international market for product quality and achieve export scale Sustained rapid growth. This paper finds that in the short term, if the imported machinery and equipment from developed countries can reduce the marginal cost of production and the price is closer to the domestic machinery and equipment in developing countries, the final exporters of developing countries will be more inclined to import machinery and equipment. Export manufacturers in developing countries, once using imported machinery and equipment, will inevitably cause their exports to rise, resulting in the “import-induced export” effect. At the same time, if the import machinery and equipment to improve the quality of the final product, the greater the exporters of developing countries, the more inclined to export machinery and equipment importers, and the greater the growth rate of export volume. This paper also uses statistical analysis to find that the import strategy for export led to the lagging development of the local equipment manufacturing industry in central and western China while the long-term equilibrium analysis showed that the import for export would result in an increase in the equilibrium output of all downstream exporters in developing countries and the balanced product quality Increase, and the number of balanced manufacturers in the industry decreased.