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成人红血球(RBC)中的血红旦白质(Hb)除了 HbA(A_1)、HbA_2与 HbF 外,还有 Hb 与糖类物质形成的几种糖化血红旦自质(G—Hb)。用层析法将 G—Hb 分离成HbA1a(A1a)、HbA1b(A1b)及 HbA1c(A1c),A1a 又可分成 A1a_1及 A1a_2两种成分。A1c 含有葡萄糖(G1c)G1c 和 HbA 的β-链氨基末端(N-末端)上的缬氨酸残基以酮胺键相连接;A1a_2是 HbA 和[6]p-葡萄糖(G6p)的复合物;A1a1中的糖类物质可能是[1.6]=p-果糖(FDp);A1b 的组成尚未阐明。G—Hb 的合成很慢,但是,合成反应贯穿于 RBC 整个生活过程中。糖尿病人的 RBc 中A1c 的含量明显增高。
In addition to HbA (A_1), HbA_2 and HbF, hemoglobin (Hb) in adult erythrocytes (RBCs) also includes several glycosylated red blood donors (G-Hb) formed by Hb and carbohydrates. HbA1a (A1a), HbA1b (A1b) and HbA1c (A1c) were separated by chromatography, and A1a was divided into A1a_1 and A1a_2. A1c contains a valine bond at the amino terminal (N-terminal) of the β-chain of glucose (G1c) G1c and HbA linked by a ketoamine bond; A1a_2 is a complex of HbA and [6] p-glucose ; A1a1 carbohydrate may be [1.6] = p-fructose (FDp); A1b composition has not been elucidated. The synthesis of G-Hb is slow, however, and the synthetic reaction runs through the entire life cycle of RBC. The A1c content of RBc in diabetics was significantly higher.