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背景:了解儿童结核病流行病学对整体的结核病控制至关重要。目的:调查台湾台北市0～14岁儿童中结核病的趋势和流行病学及临床特点。设计:从台湾结核病登记数据库获得1998—2005年台北市所有儿童结核病例的数据。结果:在此期间成人和0～14岁儿童结核病的发病率均显著增长。其中,10～14岁年龄组儿童中的发病率最高,5～9岁年龄组最低。163个儿童结核病例中,52个(31.9%)是肺外结核,其中0～4岁组所占比例最高(39.6%)。肺外结核发生的最常见位置是淋巴结,其次是骨骼、关节和胸膜。骨骼和关节结核的发生在0～4岁最常见,而胸膜部位的疾病在10～14岁组最常见。只发现了2个脑膜炎病例。结论:儿童结核的上升可能与成人中结核病发病情况的上升存在关联。发现并治疗通常为成人的传染性病例能够降低儿童的暴露危险。
Background: Understanding childhood tuberculosis epidemiology is crucial for overall tuberculosis control. Objective: To investigate the trends and epidemiological and clinical features of tuberculosis in children aged 0-14 in Taipei, Taiwan. Design: Data on all TB cases in Taipei for 1998-2005 from the Taiwan TB registry. Results: The incidence of tuberculosis in both adults and children aged 0-14 increased significantly during this period. Among them, the highest incidence of children aged 10 to 14 years of age, the lowest age group of 5 to 9 years. Out of 163 cases of childhood tuberculosis, 52 (31.9%) were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, with the highest proportion of children aged 0-4 (39.6%). The most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis are lymph nodes, followed by bones, joints and pleura. Bone and joint tuberculosis occur most commonly in patients aged 0 to 4 years, and diseases in the pleura are most common in the 10-14 age group. Only two cases of meningitis were found. Conclusion: The rise of childhood tuberculosis may be related to the rising incidence of tuberculosis in adults. The detection and treatment of infectious cases, usually adults, can reduce the risk of exposure to children.