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目的探讨河南省戊型病毒性肝炎(戊肝)的流行病学特征。方法应用描述流行病学方法分析河南省2010-2014年戊肝流行特征,利用PHGIS1.7.0软件绘制戊肝地区分布图,采用时间分布曲线结合圆形分布法分析戊肝季节性分布特征。结果 2010-2014年河南省共报告戊肝病例3 205例,年均发病率为0.6806/10万,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(Z=5.91,P<0.01);死亡3例,病死率为0.09%;实验室确诊2 922例,占病例总数的91.17%。病例主要集中在豫中部和南部地区;3月发病最多,10月最少;戊肝发病高峰日为3月21日,总的流行高峰期为11月20日至次年7月20日,戊肝发病在时间上存在集中趋势(Z=nr2=40.93,P<0.01)。男性发病率为0.9812/10万,女性为0.3618/10万;差异有统计学意义(χ2=662.99,P<0.01)。患者年龄8个月-95岁,平均年龄(50.90±14.83)岁;30-59岁组占病例总数的62.03%。农民2 013例,占病例总数的62.81%。结论河南省戊肝以散发为主,发病呈逐年上升趋势,具有明显的季节性,男性中年农民为高危人群,农村为重点防控地区。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E in Henan Province. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus in Henan province during 2010-2014. PHGIS 1.7.0 software was used to map the distribution of hepatitis E virus. Seasonal distribution of hepatitis E virus was analyzed by time distribution curve and circular distribution method. Results A total of 2055 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Henan province during 2010-2014. The average annual incidence was 0.6806 / 100000. The morbidity increased year by year (Z = 5.91, P <0.01). The mortality was 3 and the case fatality rate was 0.09 %; 2 922 cases were laboratory confirmed, accounting for 91.17% of the total cases. The cases mainly concentrated in central Henan and southern regions; the most incidence in March, the least in October; the peak day of hepatitis E was March 21, the overall epidemic peak was from November 20 to July 20, the following year, hepatitis E There was a trend of concentration in time (Z = nr2 = 40.93, P <0.01). The incidence of males was 0.9812 / 100000, the females was 0.3618 / 100000; The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 662.99, P <0.01). Patients aged 8 months -95 years old, mean age (50.90 ± 14.83) years; 30-59 years old group accounted for 62.03% of the total number of cases. 2,013 farmers, accounting for 62.81% of the total number of cases. Conclusions Hepatitis E in Henan province is predominantly sporadic and its incidence is increasing year by year with obvious seasonal characteristics. Middle-aged peasants are at risk for men and rural areas are the key prevention and control areas.