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众所周知,氦是一种惰性气体。但是,对它有何用途,特别是在地质工作中有何重要作用,过去却很少有人问津。随着科学技术的进步,人们对氦的特性及其应用越来越重视,特别是美、苏两国,在氦的研究和应用方面已经取得很大的进展。氦在天然气中是一种惰性的混合组分,含量变化很大,但最多不超过8%。它主要由地球内部的铀、钍等放射性物质衰变而成。据统计,每年经衰变产生的氦量多达15.62亿立方英尺,其中地心占20%,地幔占42%,地壳占38%。地壳中,洋壳仅占1%,陆壳中的90%赋存在沉积岩中。氦的结构简单,重量最轻,是气态物质中最好的热、电导体,且具有最高的散布能力,能穿透土壤、岩石、甚至金属。氦有很多重要用途:低温液态氦,在癌病研究中
As we all know, helium is an inert gas. However, what is its use, especially its important role in geological work, is rarely seen in the past. With the progress of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the characteristics and applications of helium. Especially, the United States and the Soviet Union have made great progress in the research and application of helium. Helium is an inert, mixed component in natural gas that varies widely but does not exceed 8% maximum. It is mainly made of decay of radioactive materials such as uranium and thorium inside the earth. According to statistics, the annual amount of helium produced by the decay reaches up to 1.562 billion cubic feet, of which the geocentric occupies 20%, the mantle occupies 42% and the crust accounts for 38%. In the crust, only 1% of the oceanic crust and 90% of the continental crust exist in sedimentary rocks. Helium has the simple structure and the lightest weight. It is the best heat and electric conductor in gaseous materials and has the highest dispersion ability and can penetrate the soil, rock and even metal. Helium has many important uses: cryogenic liquid helium in cancer research