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目的了解小儿下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对住院的下呼吸道感染患儿3 560例痰标本培养及耐药检测结果进行分析。结果痰标本共分离出病原菌1 341株(37.7%),其中革兰阴性菌993株(74.0%),革兰阳性菌348株(26.0%)。主要致病菌依次为流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、卡他莫拉菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌;前6位致病菌对碳青霉烯类、头孢菌素、青霉素等广谱β-内酰胺类抗生素敏感性较高。结论本地区小儿下呼吸道感染主要病原菌以流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等为主,不同致病菌对常用抗生素的敏感性和耐药情况不同,临床治疗应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗生素。
Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection and provide basis for clinical rational drug use. Methods The results of 3 560 sputum specimens from hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection and their drug resistance were analyzed. Results A total of 1 341 strains (37.7%) of pathogens were isolated from sputum samples, of which 993 (74.0%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 348 (26.0%) were gram-positive bacteria. The main pathogenic bacteria followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii; the first 6 pairs of pathogenic bacteria Carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins and other broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics higher sensitivity. Conclusion The main pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection in this area are mainly Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Different pathogens have different sensitivity and resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The clinical treatment should be based on the results of drug susceptibility test. .