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目的研究铁缺乏症(ID)在先天性心脏病(CHD)儿童中的患病情况,寻找在CHD儿童中合并ID的高危因素。方法回顾性分析2016年2~6月于我科住院诊治的227例CHD患儿,根据铁代谢(以血清铁蛋白<12μg/L为ID的诊断标准)的结果,分析ID的发生率。根据CHD的类型,将这些患儿分为紫绀型和非紫绀型两组,比较患儿的年龄、性别、生长发育状况和血常规等数据。结果 19.8%的CHD儿童合并ID。紫绀型患儿ID发生率高于非紫绀型患儿(31.0%vs.17.3%,P=0.045)。ID患儿均表现出年龄小,贫血比例高,平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)降低(红细胞体积缩小),以及红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)增加(红细胞大小不等)的特点。结论紫绀型,低龄,贫血,MCV、MCH、MCHC降低(红细胞体积缩小),RDW增加(红细胞大小不等)是CHD患儿合并ID的高危因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify the risk factors for ID in CHD children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 227 children with CHD admitted to our department from February to June 2016. The incidence of ID was analyzed based on the results of iron metabolism (diagnostic criteria of serum ferritin <12μg / L). According to the type of CHD, these children were divided into two groups: cyanosis and non-cyanosis. The children’s age, gender, growth and development and blood routine were compared. Results 19.8% of CHD children combined ID. The incidence of cyanotic children ID was higher in non-cyanotic children (31.0% vs.17.3%, P = 0.045). ID patients showed a small age, a high proportion of anemia, a decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) (red cell volume reduction), and a red blood cell volume distribution width Increase (red blood cell size) characteristics. Conclusions Cyanosis, low age, anemia, decreased MCV, MCH and MCHC (reduced red blood cell volume) and increased RDW (red blood cell size) are risk factors for ID in children with CHD.