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小流域(集水区)是地形分水界所包围的朝向河谷某一断面或河溪出口的整个范围,面积在100 km~2以内,一般是几十km~2,是水文的一个基本的地域单位。在一个集水区中包含着很多自然地理因素,各因素之间相互联系,彼此制约,构成一个自然生态综合体。集水区管理是以集水区为单位进行自然资源的管理,主要是通过合理经营植被,改变土地利用方式,对水资源进行调控。这是在森林水文学理论基础上的实际应用。管理的目标是保证集水区有效地产水和补给高质量的水资源,特别是增加枯水期的供水,减少有害的洪水与泥沙及泥石流。水资源管理是八十年代全世界共同关心的大事,而其中集水区管理是一个主要的方向。发展概况在十九世纪末二十世纪初,
The small watershed (catchment area) is the entire area of a section or river exit surrounded by the terrain watershed, with an area of 100 km ~ 2, usually several tens of km ~ 2, and is a basic hydrological Geographical units. There are many natural and geographical factors involved in a water catchment. The factors are interrelated and mutually restrained to form a natural ecological complex. Catchment management is a catchment area for the management of natural resources, mainly through the rational management of vegetation, changing land use patterns, regulating water resources. This is a practical application based on the theory of forest hydrology. The objective of management is to ensure efficient water production and supply of high-quality water resources in catchment areas, in particular to increase water supply in dry season and to reduce harmful floods, sediment and debris flows. Water resources management is a common concern in the world in the 1980s, and catchment management is one of the major directions. Development Overview In the late nineteenth century early twentieth century,