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病理对炎症性肠病（IBD）的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要作用，但IBD的病理形态在不同患者或同一患者不同阶段表现多样，缺乏统一的形态学诊断标准。同时病理医生接受培训程度与诊断水平也参差不齐，诊断准确率难以把握。本文就IBD诊断及相关问题提供病理诊断专家指导意见，旨在提高病理医生对IBD的诊断水平。“,”Pathology plays an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . However, histopathological features of IBD vary among different patients and at different stages in the same patient. There is a lack of definitive morphological diagnostic criteria for IBD. Meanwhile, diagnostic accuracy is affected by training level and diagnostic experience of pathologists. In order to improve the pathological diagnosis of IBD, and to provide advice on practical diagnostic issues of IBD in China, experts guideline of pathological assessment was discussed by an expert group of pathologists and gastroenterologists.