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研究生物与环境之间相互关系及其作用机理的生态学的发展与现代科学技术革命密切相关．现代科学技术革命促进了生态学的发展，同时，它所带来的负效应——环境问题也向生态学提出了严峻的挑战．在分析当前几种主要对策的基础上，提出解决现代科学技术负效应的最佳途径是将生态学原理应用于科学技术实践．
The development of ecology that studies the relationship between organisms and environment and its mechanism of action is closely related to the revolution in modern science and technology. The modern revolution in science and technology has promoted the development of ecology. At the same time, the negative effects it brings - environmental problems have posed severe challenges to ecology. On the basis of analyzing several main countermeasures at present, the best way to solve the negative effects of modern science and technology is to apply the principles of ecology to the practice of science and technology.