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医生用射线和抗癌药治疗癌症常导致病人恶心和呕吐。现在有一新药Ondansetron能够预防这些令人难忍的副作用。动物实验表明,这种新药也能有效地治疗精神分裂症、焦虑病和依赖某些镇静剂的病人。Ondansetron是10年来所研制的能专一性地阻断5羟色胺(5-HT)神经递质或者具5羟色胺作用的药物。Ondansetron的优点在于其作用具有高度的选择性。预防恶心的另一种有效药物灭吐灵是5HT_3的弱拮抗药,但具有多巴胺拮抗剂类典型的副作用。正在接受射线疗法或化学疗法治疗的癌症病人常需长期服用,能使病人患震颤麻痹症候群的大剂量灭吐灵。更严重的是,它导致病人出现迟发性运动障碍症,致使患者做鬼脸、咂嘴、摇头和扭颈等失控动作。即使医生停止用药,这种运动障碍症多半也是无法治愈
Doctors using radiation and anti-cancer drugs to treat cancer often lead to nausea and vomiting. Now a new drug Ondansetron can prevent these unpleasant side effects. Animal experiments show that the new drug is also effective in the treatment of schizophrenia, anxiety and some sedative-dependent patients. Ondansetron is a 10-year-old drug that specifically blocks serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitters or serotonin. The advantage of Ondansetron is its high degree of selectivity. Methotrexate, another potent drug used to prevent nausea, is a weak antagonist of 5HT_3 but has the typical side effects of dopamine antagonists. Long-term use of cancer patients who are undergoing radiotherapy or chemo therapy often results in high doses of metoclopramide in patients with Parkinson’s syndrome. More seriously, it causes the patient to have tardive dyskinesias, causing the patient to make faces, pouting, shaking his head and twisting the neck and other uncontrolled movements. Even if the doctor stops medication, most of this dyskinesia is also incurable