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近年来,铅的毒理研究取得了一些新进展:铅干扰血红素生物合成;使神经行为和周围神经生理发生变化;对染色体、精子生成、胚胎发育等也有影响。本文仅从铅对(1)血红素合成的干扰,(2)神经系统的作用,(3)染色体的影响,作一综述。铅对血红素生物合成的影响铅对氨基酮戊酸脱水酶(ALA-D)和亚铁络合酶的抑制业已公认。铅对粪卟啉原氧化脱羧酶的抑制作用尚未取得一致意见。铅对氨基酮戊酸合成酶(ALA-S)的作用是许多体外研究的课题,有些研究已证明铅可抑制该酶,而最近更多的研究(包括对人体的研究)表明铅可激活ALA-S。
In recent years, some new advances have been made in toxicological studies of lead: lead interferes with heme biosynthesis; changes in neurological behavior and peripheral neurophysiology; and affects chromosomes, spermatogenesis, and embryonic development. This article reviews only the interference of lead (1) heme synthesis, (2) the role of the nervous system, and (3) the effects of chromosomes. Effect of Lead on Heme Biosynthesis The inhibition of lead-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) and ferrous chelate synthase has been well established. No consensus has been reached on the inhibitory effect of lead on coprogenorphin oxidoreductase. The role of lead-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) is a subject of many in vitro studies, and some studies have shown that lead inhibits this enzyme, and more recent studies, including studies in humans, have shown that lead can activate ALA -S.