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目的 为临床应用提供脊柱颈段年龄性变化的解剖学资料。方法 观察并测量了颈椎干骨标本50套(G3-7)、脊柱颈段标本正中矢状切标本15例(30侧,其中童尸2例,青年5例,中老年8例)、脊柱颈段X线正侧位片320张、CT片50张,分年龄段作统计,对特例作摄影和绘图记录。结果 (1)青少年时期同一椎体的前后面接近平行,并基本等高。随着年龄增加,前面逐渐变斜,朝向前上,前高则逐渐缩短,特别以C4-C6椎为显著,而后面的高度和斜度无显著变化。(2)在老年侧位片上,对同一椎的前、后面分别作垂线,两线相夹的角度C5-6均超过4°,而两端各椎则为3°。(3)颈椎间盘的前高和后高均随年龄老化而降低,但前高降低的总量约为后高者的2倍。(4)钩突年青时呈尖棘状,随着年龄老化向后扩展,变成矢状位的嵴状,此嵴前后长度在上位椎可超过同椎椎体的正中矢状径。(5)骨赘多见于钩突和C4-6椎体前面的上下缘,也可见于关节突和钩椎关节的斜坡,椎体后面可偶见后纵韧带骨化所成的骨赘或骨刺,罕见与前面相当的上、下缘骨唇形成。结论 颈曲随年龄增加而减小,决定因素是椎体前份和椎间盘前份高度的持续降低。
Objective To provide anatomical data on age-related changes of cervical spine for clinical application. Methods Fifty cases of cervical spine bone specimens (G3-7) were observed and measured. Fifteen cases (30 sides, including 5 cases of young children and 8 cases of middle aged and old children) Paragraph X-ray posterior is a piece of 320, CT 50, divided by age for statistics, special cases for photography and drawing records. Results (1) In adolescence, the anterior and posterior faces of the same vertebra were nearly parallel and were basically the same height. As the age increased, the front gradually became diagonal, and the frontal height gradually shortened, especially in the C4-C6 vertebra, while the height and slope in the back did not change significantly. (2) In the elderly lateral radiographs, the front and back of the same vertebra were respectively set as vertical lines. The angle between the two lines was more than 4 ° while the angles between the two ends were 3 °. (3) The anterior height and posterior height of cervical intervertebral disc decreased with aging, but the total amount of anterior height reduction was about twice that of the latter. (4) hooked youth spine was spine, with the age of aging backward expansion, into a sagittal ridge-shaped, the length of the ridge before and after the superior vertebral body can exceed the median sagittal diameter of the vertebral body. (5) osteophytes more common in the upper and lower edge of the uncinate process and C4-6 vertebral body, can also be seen in the facet joint and the slope of the hook joint, vertebral posterior longitudinal ligament ossification can be occasionally osteophyte or spur , Rare with the front of the upper and lower edge of the formation of bone lip. Conclusion The cervical curvature decreases with age, the decisive factor is the continuous decrease of anterior vertebral body and anterior disc height.