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由于地下介质对地震波能量有强烈的吸收作用,降低了地震资料的分辨率以及地震资料处理、解释的精度,因此选择合适的参数对地层吸收衰减情况进行有效描述是对地下构造进行高分辨率、高精度处理及解释的有效途径。目前品质因子Q是对岩石弹性参数进行有效描述的重要参数之一。用品质因子Q来衡量地震波能量在介质中传播的吸收衰减情况,是目前提高地震资料分辨率的有效方法,同时也是提高含油气地层解释精度的有效途径。近些年,许多学者提出了多种计算Q值的方法,其中谱比法是在实际中应用最为广泛的Q值估计方法。本文在前人方法的基础上,对谱比法进行了改进,并结合走时层析方法反演Q值,充分利用谱比法在精度、稳定性等方面的优势以及走时层析方法计算效率高的优点,不仅可以提高反演的精度而且能够保证反演的稳定性,提高计算效率。通过模型试算证明谱比法衰减层析方法能有效估计Q值变化情况,具有较好的发展前景。
Because the underground medium strongly absorbs the seismic energy and reduces the resolution of the seismic data and the precision of seismic data processing and interpretation, selecting appropriate parameters to effectively describe the absorption and attenuation of the strata is an effective method for high resolution, High-precision processing and interpretation of effective ways. At present, the quality factor Q is one of the important parameters for effectively describing the rock elastic parameters. Using the quality factor Q to measure the absorption and attenuation of seismic energy propagating in the medium is an effective method to improve the resolution of seismic data and is also an effective way to improve the interpretation accuracy of oil-bearing formations. In recent years, many scholars have proposed a variety of methods to calculate Q values, of which spectral ratio method is the most widely used method of Q value estimation in practice. On the basis of previous methods, this paper improves the spectral ratio method, and combines the time-of-flight method to inverse the Q value. It makes full use of the advantages of the spectral ratio method in terms of accuracy and stability, as well as the high computational efficiency Which can not only improve the accuracy of inversion but also guarantee the stability of inversion and improve the computational efficiency. Through the model test to prove the spectral ratio method attenuation tomography method can effectively estimate the Q value changes, has good prospects for development.