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美国页岩革命的成功从根本上讲不在于技术,而在于制度,具体来讲,乃是由于其油气领域特有的一系列制度规则促发了技术突破,造就了页岩革命。通过考察此种规则可以发现,它的制度机理在于,确保规则的质量和对市场的回归。然而,这种制度规则的实现并非是一蹴而就的,乃是在经历了一系列规则制定方面的失败教训之后,才得出的经验之举。当然,在美国页岩革命成功之后,这种制度规则的演化也远未停止,它已从简单地对市场的回归,开始考虑环境因素对页岩开发的影响,从而走向了更深层次的规则调整模式。
The success of the shale revolution in the United States is fundamentally not in technology, but in the system, specifically because of a series of institutional rules peculiar to oil and gas fields that have spurred technological breakthroughs and shale revolution. By examining such rules, one can find that its institutional mechanism is to ensure the quality of the rules and the return to the market. However, the realization of this system of rules is not accomplished overnight, but only after a series of failed lessons in the development of rules. Of course, after the success of the shale revolution in the United States, the evolution of such institutional rules was far from over. It has moved from simply re-entering the market to considering the impact of environmental factors on shale development and moving towards deeper rules of adjustment mode.