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每当社会历史进入一个新的发展时期,总会提出“人的发现”、“人的解放”和“人的主体性”等问题。不同的“人”的学说、不同的主体性理论,又必然会对这些涉及社会和文艺发展的重大问题作出迥然不同的回答。 刘再复《论文学的主体性》的发表,是在我国社会主义进入改革开放的历史新时期后,它又一次提出关于人的问题,引起了激烈争论。论争的焦点就在于人的主体性和文学的主体性的提出,应建立于哪种理论基点上,主体性的内容与实质应当如何界定才利于社会主义和社会主义文艺的改革、发展。正是在这个根本问题上,显露出刘再复宣扬的文学主体性,实质上是一种以个体本位主义为主要特征的现代唯心主义的主体性,必须予以辨析。
Whenever social history enters a new period of development, questions such as “human discovery”, “human liberation” and “human subjectivity” are always put forward. Different theories of “people” and different theories of subjectivity will inevitably make very different answers to these major issues concerning the development of society and the arts. Liu Zaifu’s publication of The Subjectivity of Literary Theory was a new historical issue after China’s socialism entered the reform and opening up phase. It raised the issue of human beings once again and caused heated debates. The focus of the debate lies in what kind of theoretical base points on which the subjectivity of man and the subjectivity of literature should be put forward, and how the definition and substance of subjectivity should be conducive to the reform and development of socialism and socialist literature and art. It is on this fundamental issue that reveals the literary subjectivity advocated by Liu Zaifu. In essence, it is a kind of subjectivity of modern idealism which is characterized by individual self-actualism and must be discerned.