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隧道在穿越浅埋、水下、岩溶、破碎不良地质段时,为避免发生涌水、坍塌等灾害事故,提出埋深浅、不良围岩条件、地表水源补给以及工程因素等导致灾害发生的4个致灾因子,对其内在联系进行了理论分析,重点利用折减系数法计算隧道衬砌外水压力,并根据分析结果采取相应的特殊防治措施;在此基础上,以重庆礼让隧道水下浅埋段为工程实例,在施工期间系统测试了先行隧道的孔隙水压力、隧道地表沉降、拱顶下沉、周边收敛。结果表明,理论研究结果与实际基本相符,给出的水压力计算方法是可行的。
In order to avoid the occurrence of water inrush and collapsing, the tunnels should be shallow buried, underwater, karst and broken due to disasters such as shallow depth, poor surrounding rock conditions, recharge of surface water and engineering factors, Disaster factor, the internal relations of the theoretical analysis, focusing on the use of reduction factor method to calculate the pressure of tunnel lining water, and according to the analysis results to take appropriate measures to prevent and control; on this basis, As an example of the project, the pore water pressure of the first tunnel, the settlement of the tunnel surface, the dome sinking and the surrounding convergence were systematically tested during construction. The results show that the theoretical research results are in good agreement with the actual ones, and the calculated water pressure is feasible.