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目的了解尘肺病患者生存质量现状及其影响因素,为尘肺病的预防与治疗提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究设计,选取2010—2014年在广州市某区某职业体检机构参加职业健康检查发现的尘肺病患者46例作为病例组,以性别、年龄不超过3岁进行1∶2配对的健康人群92例作为对照组,应用世界卫生组织生存质量测定表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、St George’s呼吸问卷(SGRQ)进行调查。结果病例组躯体健康[(44.41±11.56)分]、心理健康[(50.25±12.72)分]、社会关系[(54.71±16.66)分]、环境[(44.36±11.38)分]得分均低于健康对照组。病例组呼吸症状[(63.04±17.09)分]、活动受限[(66.55±16.40)分]和疾病影响[(60.39±16.02)分]得分均高于对照组。多重线性回归提示年龄、接触粉尘年数、Covinsky同病得分、尘肺分期级别是生存质量得分的影响因素。结论尘肺病患者生存质量较差,年龄越大、接触粉尘年数越多、Covinsky同病得分越高、尘肺病分期级别越高者,其生存质量得分越低。
Objective To understand the current situation of quality of life in pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods A case-control study was designed. Forty-six patients with pneumoconiosis who were admitted to occupational health examination in a certain district in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2014 were selected as the case group and sex matched 1: 2 92 healthy subjects were used as control group, and the WHOQOL-BREF and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were used to investigate. Results The scores of physical health (44.41 ± 11.56), mental health (50.25 ± 12.72), social relations (54.71 ± 16.66) and environment (44.36 ± 11.38) were lower than those of healthy Control group. Respiratory symptoms (63.04 ± 17.09), activity limitation (66.55 ± 16.40) and disease effects (60.39 ± 16.02) were higher in case group than those in control group. Multiple linear regression indicated that age, exposure to dust years, Covinsky’s disease score, and pneumoconiosis stage were the influencing factors for QOL. Conclusion Patients with pneumoconiosis have poorer quality of life, older age, more contact dust, higher Covinsky’s score, and higher grade of pneumoconiosis, the lower the quality of life score.