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目的 研究高能战斗部 (HEF)致胸部伤特点和规律 ,为胸部爆炸伤的救治提供原则和依据。 方法 用电启动的方式引爆HEF ,将 45只绵羊布放于距爆心 30～ 2 40m处 ,致伤时测量冲击波超压和破片速度 ,致伤后进行病理解剖观察。 结果 胸部破片伤的发生率为 6 7% (30 /45 ) ,伤后即刻死亡率为 73% ;损伤类型以盲管伤和贯通伤为主 ,分别为 5 7%和 31% ;在 30只有胸部破片伤的动物中 ,肺冲击伤、肋骨骨折、大量胸腔积血 (>10 0 0ml)及胸腹联合伤的发生率分别为80 %、33%、2 7%和 33% ,心脏被直接击中的概率为 33 %。 结论 破片击中胸部的概率高 ,胸壁穿透伤多 ,伤情严重 ,伤后多迅速死亡。胸部严重毁损、心脏破片伤、多脏器受损以及快速失血是其主要死亡原因。
Objective To study the characteristics and rules of thoracic injuries caused by high energy warheads (HEF) and provide the principles and basis for the treatment of thoracic explosive injuries. Methods Electric starter was used to detonate HEF. Forty-five sheeps were placed at 30-240m away from the detonating heart. Blasting was performed to measure shock wave overpressure and fragment velocity. Pathological anatomy was observed after injury. Results The incidence rate of thoracic fragment injury was 67% (30/45), and the immediate mortality rate was 73%. The types of injury were mainly blind wounds and penetrating wounds, which were respectively 57% and 31% Pulmonary shock injuries, rib fractures, massive pleural hemorrhage (> 100 ml), and thoracoabdominal injuries were associated with 80%, 33%, 27%, and 33% incidences of chest wounded animals, respectively, and the heart was directly The probability of hitting is 33%. Conclusion Fragment hit the chest high probability of penetrating the chest wall and more serious injuries, more rapid death after injury. Severe chest damage, heart fragmentation, multiple organ damage, and rapid blood loss are the major causes of death.