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公共产品既可以由政府提供,也可以由市场提供。公路是关乎国计民生的公共资源之一,一般由政府来提供。自1990年代以来,拉丁美洲国家纷纷进行公路“私营化”改革,即变传统的政府提供为市场提供,最为典型的当属阿根廷、哥伦比亚和智利。这些国家公路“私营化”的经验和教训可以为中国已经开始启动的公路“民营化”改革提供有益的借鉴。
Public goods can be provided by the government, but also by the market. The highway is one of the public resources concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood and is generally provided by the government. Since the 1990s, the Latin American countries have successively carried out “privatization” of their roads to make the traditional government provide the market. The most typical ones belong to Argentina, Colombia and Chile. The experience and lessons learned from the “privatization” of highways in these countries can provide useful lessons for the “privatization” of the roads that China has started to launch.