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以 2 7个穗粒性状不同的小麦品种为材料 ,对小麦穗粒数形成过程中的各构成因素进行了相关、通径和聚类分析。结果表明 :不同穗粒性状基因型在分化小穗数、结实小穗数、分化小花数和可孕小花数上均有明显差异。特大穗型小麦的小花分化速率最快 ,分化持续时间最短。穗粒数对小麦产量提高的贡献最大 ,穗粒数与千粒重之间不存在负相关。在穗粒数各构成因素中 ,分化小穗数、结实小穗数、分化小花数、可孕小花数和小花结实率与穗粒数均呈极显著正相关 ,其中小花结实率的作用较大 ,直接通径系数高达 0 .82 2 5。在南京生态条件下 ,小花分化速率与分化小花数、可孕小花数和穗粒数呈显著正相关 ,但小花分化持续时间与分化小花数和穗粒数的相关均不显著。因此 ,小麦穗粒数的改良应在增加结实小穗数的基础上提高小花的分化速率和小花的结实率
A total of 27 wheat cultivars with different grain-per-ear characters were used as materials to analyze the components, the path and the cluster analysis of the formation of wheat grains per spike. The results showed that there were significant differences among different spikelet genotypes in the number of spikelets, the number of spikelet, the number of floret and the number of floret which can be planted. Extra large spikelets have the fastest floret differentiation rate and the shortest duration of differentiation. The grain number per spike contributed most to the increase of wheat yield. There was no negative correlation between grain number and grain weight. Among the components of spike grain number, the number of spikelets, number of spikelets, number of small florets, numbers of fertile florets and flower setting were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spikelets per plant, of which the effect of seed setting rate was larger , Direct path coefficient up to 0 .82 2 5. Under Nanjing ecological conditions, the rate of floret differentiation was significantly and positively correlated with the number of floret, floret number and number of spikelets per plant, but the duration of floret differentiation was not significantly correlated with the number of floret and number of spikelets. Therefore, the improvement of wheat grain number should increase the number of strong spikelets based on the rate of floret differentiation and flower seed set rate