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市舶司就是古代管理海外交通和海外贸易的机构,它的设置开始于唐,到了宋代逐趋完善,并先后在广州、杭州、明州、泉州、温州、密州、秀州(华亭县和通惠镇两地)、江阴军等地设市舶司或市舶务。在这众多的市舶司与市舶务中,广州市舶司却是举足轻重的。元丰时期制订的市舶管理条例亦称为“广州市舶法”。所谓“番禺大府,节制五岭,秦汉以来,号为都会,俗杂五方,海舶贸易,商贾辐辏,”所以,对广州市舶司的研究,不但可以了解宋代对外贸易的情况,而且对我们今天的“四化”建设,亦有参考价值。本文根据史籍的记载,对宋代广州市舶司试图作一概述和探讨,以就教史学界前辈。一、市舶司沿革、官制和组织情况如上所述,宋代在九个地方设市舶司或市舶务,但设司最早的却是广州。广州在五代期间,为南汉政权所盘据,因政治动乱,对外贸易遭受到很大的破坏。宋太祖于开宝三年(公
The Shipbuilding Division is the ancient organization of managing overseas traffic and overseas trade. Its establishment started in the Tang Dynasty and went to perfect in the Song Dynasty. It was successively established in Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Mingzhou, Quanzhou, Wenzhou, Mizhou, Xiuzhou Tong Hui town), Jiangyin army and other places set up the Secretary or City Council ship. Among these numerous municipal departments and municipalities, Guangzhou Bureau of Shipping is the most important one. Yuanfeng Feng developed during the ship management regulations also known as the “Guangzhou Ship Law.” The so-called “Panyu Grand Palace, restraint Wu Ling, since the Qin and Han dynasties, the number for the metropolis, vulgar miscellaneous five parties, maritime trade, merchants convergence,” Therefore, the Guangzhou City Ship Division, not only to understand the Song Dynasty foreign trade, but also for us Today’s “four modernizations” are also of reference value. Based on the records of historical records, this article attempts to give an overview and discussion on the case of the Guangzhou Ship Bureau in the Song Dynasty in order to teach predecessors of the history of science. I. History of the Shipbuilding Department, Official System and Organization As mentioned above, the Song Dynasty set up a market department or a municipal office in nine places. However, the earliest one was the city of Guangzhou. During the Five Dynasties in Guangzhou, it was taken as a basis for the regime in South Han that its foreign trade suffered great damage due to political turmoil. Song Taizu three years in the open treasure (male