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“敬”是儒家学说形成伊始即着力构建的观念范畴,也是最能体现儒家宗教性的观念。本文从观念史的视角考察敬观念的演变,探析早期思想中“敬”的含义与先秦儒家的创造性阐释,并以朱子理学对敬的理解与之互参,从而展示理学如何对早期概念进行意义的承接与转化。朱子将敬观念改造为心性修养的工夫论,这种改造既与先秦儒家论敬的义理内核相一致,又能够将“敬”的宗教特征内化为主体意识的自我超越。
“Respect ” is the category of concepts that Confucianism was trying to construct from the very beginning. It is also the concept that best embodies the Confucian religion. This essay examines the evolution of respecting the concept of respect from the perspective of the history of ideas and explores the meaning of “respect ” in the early thoughts and the creative interpretation of pre-Qin Confucianism, and with the mutual understanding of respect and understanding of Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism, Carry on the meaning and transformation. Zhu changed the concept of respecting the concept of time into spiritual cultivation, which is not only consistent with the moral core of pre-Qin Confucianism, but also can turn the religious features of “respect ” into self-transcendence of subjective consciousness.