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对于分布式计算机系统，由于任务到达的随机性和各台处理机处理能力上的差异，系统常常会发生处理机闲忙并存的情况。必须采取有效手段，对已分配给各台处理机的任务进行重新调整，最大限度地提高系统的资源利用率和减小任务的平均响应时间，这就是所谓的负载平衡（或负载均衡）策略。在分布式计算机系统上实现负载平衡，是７０年代至今分布式系统领域最热门的课题之一。本文首先分析了在分布式计算机系统中实现负载平衡的难点及要求，然后着重探讨２０年来的各种基于常规分布式系统的负载平衡方法，并对分布式实时系统的负载平衡作了简单概括。
For distributed computer systems, due to the randomness of task arrival and the processing power of each processor, the system often occurs when the processors are idle. Effective measures must be taken to readjust the tasks assigned to each processor to maximize system resource utilization and reduce the average task response time. This is called a load balancing (or load balancing) strategy. Load balancing on distributed computer systems is one of the hottest topics in distributed systems since the 1970s. This paper first analyzes the difficulties and requirements of load balancing in distributed computer systems, and then focuses on the various load balancing methods based on conventional distributed systems over the past 20 years. The load balancing of distributed real-time systems is briefly summarized.