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目的研究品种、日龄和饲养方式对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响。方法选择北京油鸡和AA肉鸡各120只,分笼养和地面平养两种饲养方式,每种饲养方式60只鸡(5个重复,每个重复12只),于7、14、21和42日龄无菌收集十二指肠、回肠和盲肠内容物,分析各肠段肠道菌群变化。结果 (1)从十二指肠、回肠到盲肠微生物种类越来越丰富,相同肠段不同处理间随日龄的增加微生物种类也不断增加,十二指肠、回肠主要菌是植物乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌,盲肠主要菌是拟杆菌和梭菌,且AA肉鸡拟杆菌数量大于北京油鸡;(2)品种对十二指肠和回肠条带数影响不显著,但北京油鸡大于AA肉鸡,日龄对回肠条带数的影响显著。品种与日龄的互作对盲肠的影响显著,品种、日龄和饲养方式三个处理的互作对回肠条带数的影响显著。(3)十二指肠各处理间肠道菌群的相似性在42日龄达到稳定,回肠在21日龄稳定,盲肠从7日龄到42日龄各处理间肠道菌群相似性变化不大。结论不同肠段的微生物区系有明显差异,品种、日龄和饲养方式对肉鸡肠道微生物区系有不同影响,但微生物区系会随着肉鸡日龄的增加趋于稳定。
Objective To study the effects of breed, age and feeding mode on broiler intestinal flora. Methods A total of 120 Beijing oil chicken and AA broiler chickens were selected and divided into two groups, cage-raising and ground-level feeding. Each of the 60 chickens (5 replicates, 12 rabbits in each replicate) 42-day-old aseptic collection of duodenum, ileum and cecal contents, analysis of intestinal intestine flora changes. Results (1) From the duodenum, ileum to the cecum, more and more species of microorganisms, the same intestinal segment between different treatments with increasing age, microbial species also increased, the main duodenum and ileum is Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium and cecum were Bacteroides and Clostridium, and the number of Bacteroidetes of AA Broiler was higher than that of Peking Beijing Youji. (2) The breed had no significant effect on the numbers of duodenum and ileum, , The age of ileum strips significantly affected the number. The effect of breed and age on the cecum was significant, and the effect of breed, age and feeding mode on the number of ileum was significant. (3) The similarity of intestinal microflora in each treatment of duodenum was stable at 42 days of age, the ileum was stable at 21 days, and the similarities of intestinal microflora between 7 days and 42 days Not big. Conclusions There are obvious differences in microbial flora in different intestine segments. The breed, age and feeding pattern have different effects on gut microbiota in broiler chickens. However, the microbial flora tends to be stable with the increase of broiler chickens’ age.