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[目的]了解杭州市主城区饮用水中消毒副产物的种类、分布水平,并对其健康风险进行评价。[方法]根据生活饮用水标准检验方法(GB/T 5750—2006)的要求,于2014年丰水期(5月、8月)、枯水期(1月、11月)对杭州市主城区内5家市政水厂的出厂水和相应的5个末梢水点进行水样采集,共采集水样40份;并对水样中13种消毒副产物的质量浓度水平及与消毒副产物产生相关的理化指标进行检测。参照美国环保局的致癌风险模型,评价消毒副产物通过饮水途径对杭州市人群所引起的健康风险。[结果]杭州市主城区饮用水中主要检测到的消毒副产物为三卤甲烷类物质(三氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷),其在出厂水和末梢水中的检出质量浓度分别为0.7~51.7、2.1~27.9μg/L。消毒副产物浓度在不同季节分布无差异(均P>0.05),与水温、p H值、游离余氯水平无关,但与出厂水中氨氮的浓度相关性较强(相关系数范围0.448~0.643)。出厂水和末梢水中消毒副产物引起的致癌风险为3.00×10-6~6.25×10-5和4.17×10-6~3.69×10-5;非致癌健康风险为3.45×10-3~6.72×10-2和4.39×10-3~3.38×10-2。致癌风险均来自三卤甲烷类物质,其中又以二溴一氯甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷为主;而5种消毒副产物对非致癌健康风险的贡献率相当。[结论]三卤甲烷为2014年杭州市主城区饮用水中主要的消毒副产物。消毒副产物所引起的潜在致癌风险、非致癌健康风险均在美国环保局标准的限值内。
[Objective] To understand the types and distribution of disinfection by-products in drinking water in main urban area of Hangzhou and evaluate their health risks. [Methods] According to the requirements of the standard test method for drinking water (GB / T 5750-2006), in the wet season of 2014 (May and August) and dry season (January and November) Municipal water factory water and the corresponding five peripheral water points for water samples collected a total of 40 water samples collected; and water quality samples of 13 kinds of disinfection by-products of the concentration level and disinfection by-products related to physical and chemical Indicators for testing. With reference to the EPA’s carcinogenic risk model, evaluate the health risks caused by disinfection byproducts to drinking water in Hangzhou city. [Result] The main disinfection byproducts in drinking water in the main urban area of Hangzhou were trihalomethanes (chloroform, dibromochloromethane and dichlorobromomethane), which were detected in the exiting water and the peripheral water The mass concentrations were 0.7 ~ 51.7 and 2.1 ~ 27.9 μg / L, respectively. The concentration of disinfection by-products did not differ in different seasons (P> 0.05), but had no correlation with water temperature, p H value and free residual chlorine level, but had a strong correlation with concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the factory water (correlation coefficient range 0.448-0.643). The carcinogenic risk caused by disinfection byproducts in the factory water and the peripheral water is 3.00 × 10-6 ~ 6.25 × 10-5 and 4.17 × 10-6 ~ 3.69 × 10-5, and the non-carcinogenic health risk is 3.45 × 10-3 ~ 6.72 × 10-2 and 4.39 × 10 -3 to 3.38 × 10 -2. The carcinogenic risks are all from trihalomethanes, of which dibromochloromethane and dichlorobromomethane are the major components, while the five disinfection by-products have a comparable contribution to the non-carcinogenic health risk. [Conclusion] THMs were the main disinfection by-products in drinking water in the main city of Hangzhou in 2014. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks due to disinfection by-products are within EPA limits.