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目的:研究肝硬化患者门静脉血栓(PVT)形成的相关影响因素，PVT形成对肝硬化并发症及临床表现的影响，探讨PVT的治疗。方法:收集2014年1月1日至2018年10月31日住院治疗的肝硬化PVT患者199例设为PVT组，随机抽取同期肝硬化无PVT患者199例作为对照组，收集相关临床资料，对可能影响PVT形成的因素进行单因素分析和logistic回归模型分析，并对肝硬化PVT患者的并发症进行统计学分析。据资料不同用n t检验、n Z检验、χn 2检验或Fisher’s确切概率法进行统计学分析。n 结果:单因素分析结果显示两组比较，肝硬化病因、门静脉宽度、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶时间差异有统计学意义（n P < 0.05）；logistic回归模型分析结果显示，酒精性肝硬化[ n OR = 3.125（95%可信区间1.414～6.906），n P = 0.005]、门静脉增宽[n OR = 5.814（95%可信区间2.746～12.307），n P < 0.001]是肝硬化PVT形成的独立影响因素，肝硬化PVT形成使患者更易出现白细胞减少[ n OR = 1.594（95%可信区间1.015～2.502），n P = 0.043]和CHE降低[n OR = 4.267（95%可信区间2.313～7.869），n P < 0.001]；PVT组食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血、腹水、胸水、食管静脉曲张、重度食管静脉曲张、住院天数明显高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（ n P < 0.05）。n 结论:酒精性肝硬化、门静脉增宽是肝硬化PVT形成的影响因素，肝硬化PVT患者更易出现白细胞减少和CHE降低。PVT的形成使肝硬化患者更容易出现食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血，更容易出现重度食管胃底静脉曲张、腹水、胸水等临床表现，延长患者住院时间。“,”Objective:To study the relevant factors influencing the portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the effect of PVT formation on the complications and clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis. And further investigate the treatment of PVT.Methods:199 cirrhotic cases with portal vein thrombosis who were hospitalized from January 1, 2014 to October 31, 2018 were selected as PVT group. 199 cirrhotic cases without portal vein thrombosis during the same period were randomly selected as control group to collect the relevant clinical data. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model analysis were carried out on the factors that may affect the formation of PVT, and the complications of cirrhotic patients with PVT were statistically analyzed. According to different data, statistical analysis was performed by t-test, Z- test, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact probability method.Results:Univariate analysis results showed that there were statistical differences (n P < 0.05) between the two groups on the parts of etiologies of cirrhosis, portal vein width, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ - glutamyltransferase, cholinesterase (CHE), blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and thrombin time. Logistic regression model analysis results showed that alcoholic cirrhosis [ n OR = 3.125 (95% confidence interval, 1.414-6.906), n P = 0.005], and portal vein widening [n OR = 5.814 (95% confidence interval, 2.746-12.307), n P < 0.001] were independent influencing factors of PVT formation in cirrhosis. PVT formation in cirrhosis made patients more susceptible to leukopenia [ n OR = 1.594 (95% confidence interval, 1.015-2.502), n P = 0.043] and CHE reduction [n OR = 4.267 (95% confidence interval, 2.313-7.869) n P < 0.001]. Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, ascites, pleural effusion, esophageal varices, severe gastroesophageal varices, and hospitalization length were significantly elevated in PVT group than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( n P < 0.05).n Conclusion:Alcoholic cirrhosis and portal vein widening are the factors influencing the formation of PVT in liver cirrhosis. Patients with PVT in liver cirrhosis are more susceptible to leukopenia and CHE reduction. The formation of PVT makes patients with liver cirrhosis more susceptible to rupture and bleeding of gastroesophageal varices, severe gastroesophageal varices, ascites, and pleural effusion and other clinical manifestations, thereby prolonging the length of hospital stay.