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中国的改革开放是一个典型的学习过程 ,技术学习和制度学习使中国获得了巨大的后发利益 ,也是中国经济高速增长的动因之一。然而不容忽视的是目前中国在技术学习和制度学习方面也显示出了明显的后发劣势 ,具体表现为技术学习方面的“路径依赖”和制度学习方面的“排异效应”。两方面的后发劣势将使中国在全球化的竞争中处于不利的位置 ,中国应当在世界贸易组织的框架下适当调整自己的经济发展战略 ,消除技术学习方面的“路径依赖”和制度学习上的“排异效应” ,确立国家的竞争优势。
China’s reform and opening up is a typical learning process. Technology learning and institutional learning have given China enormous back-office interests and also contributed to China’s rapid economic growth. However, it should not be overlooked that at present, China also shows a significant backward disadvantage in technology learning and system learning, which is manifested in the “path dependence” in technology learning and the “effect of exclusion” in system learning. Inferior disadvantages on both fronts will place China at a disadvantage in the globalized competition. China should properly adjust its own economic development strategy under the framework of the World Trade Organization and eliminate “path dependence” and institutional learning in technological learning. The “rejection effect” to establish the competitive advantage of the country.