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在未来10年以及更长的一段时间,全球和中国的水资源管理面临着紧迫的挑战,这些挑战包括水管控、水与食物、水与自然、水与能源、水与健康以及与气候变化相适应的与水相关的跨国合作,所有这些都与区域和全球尺度水安全相关。为了应对这些挑战,无论在中国还是世界范围,水资源管理战略必须解决需水管理(WDM)和供水管理(WSM)这两个重要问题,以及需水管理和供水管理的联合管理问题。本文将站在一个全球高度上研讨这一紧迫问题。通过分析,建议如下:在地方一级进行关于供水和需水管理的知识转让和经验交流和实践;在国家一级制定完善促进供需水管理的指导方针,最终发展到流域和区域级别。由于大陆或次大陆存在很大的差异,具体的区域指导报告是必要的,其中包括:专门针对现有可利用水资源和水需求的评估(通过使用水文方法进行水资源的评估以及需水调查和预测);关于组织、机构、税收、培训和教育的供需水的联合管理,在全球范围起草一个联合国公约草案。并在联合国会议上强调跨国界流域管理和/或竞争用水情况下的管理和/或水匮乏的供水需水联合管理的重要性。参照上述列举的目标,这些目标可能侧重于4个方面:在地方和国家一级(短期)供水管理;在地方和国家一级(短期)需水管理;在国家一级(中期和长期)供水管理和需水管理联合管理:在国际/区域一级(中期和长期)供水管理和需水管理联合管理。
Over the next 10 years and beyond, global and China’s water resource management faces pressing challenges such as water control, water and food, water and nature, water and energy, water and health, and climate change Adaptable transboundary water-related cooperation, all of which are relevant to water security at the regional and global scales. To address these challenges, water management strategies must address the two key issues of water demand management (WDM) and water supply management (WSM), as well as joint management of water and water management, both in China and around the world. This article will be on a global level to discuss this pressing issue. Through analysis, recommendations are made as follows: Knowledge transfer and exchange of experience and practices on water and water management at the local level; Development and improvement of guidelines for water and water supply management at the national level, culminating in the development of watershed and regional levels. Due to the large differences in the continents or sub-continents, specific regional guidance reports are necessary, including: assessments that specifically target existing available water resources and water needs (using hydrological methods to assess water resources and water needs surveys and Forecast); the joint management of water supply and demand in organizations, agencies, taxation, training and education to draft a draft United Nations convention on a global scale. And emphasized the importance of joint management of cross-border river basin management and / or competition for water management and / or water-scarce water and water supply at United Nations conferences. With reference to the goals outlined above, these goals may focus on four areas: water management at local and national level (short-term); water management at local and national level (short-term); water supply at the national (medium- and long-term) Management and Water Management Co-management: Joint management of water and water management at the international / regional level (medium- and long-term).